Development of Ti3SiC2 MAX phase tubular structures for solar receiver applications
[Display omitted] •Fully dense MAX phase disks of > 90 % Ti3SiC2 phase fraction were fabricated by FAST processing.•Short-length MAX phase tubes of ≈85 % density and > 95 % Ti3SiC2 phase fraction were demonstrated for Gen3 CSP solar receivers.•Solar reflectance, emittance, and selectivity of M...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Solar energy 2024-11, Vol.282, p.112907, Article 112907 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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•Fully dense MAX phase disks of > 90 % Ti3SiC2 phase fraction were fabricated by FAST processing.•Short-length MAX phase tubes of ≈85 % density and > 95 % Ti3SiC2 phase fraction were demonstrated for Gen3 CSP solar receivers.•Solar reflectance, emittance, and selectivity of MAX phase materials indicate superior solar-thermal energy harvesting performance.•Fracture strengths of ≈520 MPa and ≈250 MPa were determined for Ti3SiC2 MAX phase disks of 100 % density and tubes of ≈85 % density.
Solar receiver tubes are key components of concentrating solar-thermal power (CSP) systems that harvest solar energy. For better efficiency, the Gen3 CSP receivers, which collect heat into a heat transfer fluid, require a temperature exceeding 700 °C during operation and need to perform under extreme conditions of high temperature and high thermal stress. Operators are seeking CSP designs using new high-temperature structural materials with high thermal conductivity and high creep resistance to achieve a design life of 30 years and thus help recover the plant capital cost sooner. MAX phase materials, which consist of an early transition metal element, an A-group element, and carbon or nitrogen, are expected to exhibit high creep resistance as well as high fracture toughness. In this paper, we describe fabricating both (1) dense Ti3SiC2 MAX phase disks and (2) short-length tubes using field-assisted sintering technology (FAST). First, the disk samples that we fabricated are fully dense and contain ≈90 % Ti3SiC2 MAX phase materials and ≈10 % TiC phase materials. We determined a flexure strength of 519 ± 32 MPa by conducting a four-point bending test at room temperature with rectangular bar samples of ≈100 % density. The thermal conductivity of the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase samples, measured by light-flashing analysis, decreases linearly from a value of 41 W·m−1·K−1 at room temperature to a value of 36 W·m−1·K−1 at 650 °C. A solar reflectance measurement of the Ti3SiC2 MAX phase revealed that, temperature increases from 400 to 1400 °C, thermal emittance increases from 0.39 to 0.49, while selectivity decreases from 1.8 to 1.4, respectively. Whereas the surface oxidized MAX phase samples after 100 h exposure to air at 1000 °C exhibit that of SiC.
Next, we discuss fabrication of the crack-free Ti3SiC2 MAX phase tubular structures accomplished by using FAST processing in graphite bedding. A Ti3SiC2 MAX phase content of > 95 % with traceable ≈3% remaining TiC phase and ≈15 |
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ISSN: | 0038-092X |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.solener.2024.112907 |