Dependence of Cosmological Constraints on Gray Photometric Zero-point Uncertainties of Supernova Surveys

Abstract Type Ia supernova (SN) measurements of the Hubble constant,H0; cosmic mass density, ΩM; and dark energy equation-of-state parameter,w, rely on heterogeneous SN surveys across three decades of observation. These distinct surveys may have undiagnosed, relative photometric zero-point errors. We determine the sensitivities of the SH0ES+Pantheon+ cosmological constraints to unknown gray systematics in the photometric zero-point calibration between the 19 surveys that comprise the Pantheon+ SN compendium. Varying the surveys’ gray zero-points simultaneously with cosmological parameters, we determine that the SH0ES+Pantheon+ measurement ofH0is robust against gray intersurvey photometric miscalibration. Specifically, uncalibrated intersurvey systematics could represent a source of uncertainty no larger than 0.39 km s−1Mpc−1forH0. This modest increase inH0uncertainty could not account for the 7 km s−1Mpc−1“Hubble tension” between the SH0ES measurement ofH0and the Planck ΛCDM-based inference ofH0. However, the SH0ES+Pantheon+ best-fit values of ΩMandware not robust against gray zero-point error, slipping by up to 0.16 and −0.63. Because measurements of ΩMandwdepend on intrasurvey cross-band calibration, the hypothetical gray miscalibration underestimates the sensitivity of these measurements to zero-point miscalibration. Because the Pantheon+ compendium contains many surveys that share low-zHubble flow (HF) and Cepheid-paired SNe, intersurvey photometric calibration errors do not significantly impede the joint use of SH0ES and Pantheon+ to measureH0to 1% accuracy. However,H0constraints that rely on one HF survey but numerous galactic distance calibration surveys are susceptible to intersurvey photometric miscalibration.