Factors Associated with Secondary Functional Patency After Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of the Early Failing or Immature Hemodialysis Arteriovenous Fistula

Purpose To evaluate the efficacy of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty for early failing hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas (AVFs) and predictors of secondary functional patency (FP). Methods A review of our endovascular registry database showed that 61 patients with early failure after a surgically created AVF underwent endovascular intervention between 2011 and 2016. Median time from AVF creation to first intervention was 5.6 weeks. Median duration of follow-up was 14 months. Items related to the technical success rate and primary and secondary FP, and factors associated with secondary FP were analyzed. Results Technical success was achieved in 55 (90%) of 61 patients. The primary and secondary FP rates were 42% and 65% at 12 months, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that lesion length (HR; 1.15, P = 0.001) and lesions including juxta-AVF (the portion of fistula vein within 2 cm of the arteriovenous anastomosis, HR; 6.23, P = 0.008) were factors associated with reduced secondary FP. ROC curve analysis indicated lesion length with cutoff value ≥ 9 cm as a risk factor for reduced secondary FP. Secondary FP at 12 months for patients with no risk factors, with 1, and with 2 was 86%, 65%, and 0%, respectively. There was a significant difference in secondary FP rates among these groups ( P = 0.001). Conclusions A lesion length and juxta-AVF lesion are the risk factors for reduced secondary FP. The secondary FP rate at 12 months is acceptable in patients without risk factors.