Lysophosphatidylserine suppresses IL-2 production in CD4 T cells through LPS{sub 3}/GPR174

Lysophosphatidylserine (LysoPS) has been shown to have lipid mediator-like actions to induce mast cell degranulation and suppress T lymphocyte proliferation. Recently, three G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), LPS{sub 1}/GPR34, LPS{sub 2}/P2Y10, and LPS{sub 3}/GPR174, were found to react specifically with LysoPS, raising the possibility that LysoPS exerts its roles through these receptors. In this study, we show that LPS{sub 3} is expressed in various T cell subtypes and is involved in suppression of Interleukin-2 (IL-2) production in CD4 T cells. We found that LysoPS suppressed the IL-2 production from activated T cells at the mRNA and protein levels. In addition, LysoPS did not have such an effect on the splenocytes and CD4 T cells isolated from LPS{sub 3}-deficient mice. In LPS{sub 3}-deficient splenocytes and CD4 T cells, anti-CD3/anti-CD28-triggered IL-2 production is somewhat increased. Interestingly, LysoPS with various fatty acids was up-regulated upon T cell activation. The present study raised the possibility that LysoPS exerts its immunosuppressive roles by down-regulating IL-2 production through a LysoPS-LPS{sub 3} axis in T cells. - Highlights: • LysoPS suppressed IL-2 production in CD4 T cells via LPS{sub 3}/GPR174. • LPS{sub 3}-deficient T cells showed high IL-2 production capacity. • LysoPS/LPS{sub 3} signaling works in an autocrine manner, since LysoPS level increased in activated T cells.