Enhancement of visible light activity in Ag modified SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2}

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • Ag modified SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were synthesized by a modified sol–gel method. • As-prepared samples have a small and uniform particle size of about 20 nm. • As-prepared samples exhibit an excellent photo-catalytic efficiency on the degradation of MB. • As-prepared samples maintain high photo-chemical stability after 5 catalytic cycles. - Abstract: Ag modified SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a modified sol–gel method, without adding any acid or alkali. The entire preparation differs from the traditional sol–gel synthesis of TiO{sub 2} that the reaction can get controlled by adjusting the flow speed of water vapor. Ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis) and spin-trapping electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) were used to forecast the photocatalytic activity of the samples, and the results were proved by the degradation of methylene blue solution under visible light. Compared with pure TiO{sub 2}, as-prepared Ag modified SnO{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} nanoparticles exhibited not only an enhanced photocatalytic activity but also an improved stability. Among all of samples, the composite with 0.5% of Ag and 1% of Sn showed the best photocatalytic performance and stability. Further increasing the Ag proportion will result in the decrease of the photocatalytic activity. A relative mechanism was proposed and discussed in detail.