Electron Screening in Metals

Electron screening enhances cross sections for nuclear reactions at low energies. We have studied the {sup 1}H({sup 7}Li,{alpha}){sup 4}He reaction in inverse kinematics and observed large electron screening only when the metallic targets were under tensile stress. Hydrogen was loaded into Pd and PdAg alloy foils from gas phase and concentrations reached about 0.6 protons per metallic atom. Mechanical pressure creates stress induced states in the metal. Without pressure hydrogen occupies octahedral interstitial positions in the fcc Pd lattice. Under stress some protons move to dislocated octahedral (dis-O) sites in the lattice. We believe that the magnitude of screening in various metals depends on the electron density on dis-O sites in case of fcc lattices or dislocated tetrahedral sites in bcc metals. We are currently trying to confirm the above by determining the electron density at the sites occupied by protons via the measurement of proton Knight's shift with {sup 1}H nuclear magnetic resonance technique.