Revealing the mechanism of surfactant-promoted enzymatic hydrolysis of dilute acid pretreated bamboo

[Display omitted] •Addition of surfactant significantly increased the hydrolysis yield.•Addition of surfactant affects physicochemical properties of the residual lignin.•PEG 4000 intervened lignin-cellulase interaction via hydrogen bonds/Van der Waals.•Tween 80 intervened lignin-cellulase interaction mainly via hydrophobic force. To improve the enzymatic digestibility of dilute acid pretreated bamboo residue (DABR), surfactants including PEG 4000 and Tween 80 were added to prevent the non-productive adsorption between residual lignin and enzyme. At the optimal loadings (e.g., 0.2 and 0.3 g surfactant/g lignin), the enzymatic digestibility of DABR improved from 29.4% to 64.6% and 61.6% for PEG 4000 and Tween 80, respectively. Furthermore, the promoting mechanism of these surfactants on enzymatic hydrolysis was investigated by real-time surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and fluorescence spectroscopy. Results from SPR analysis showed that Tween 80 outperformed PEG 4000 in terms of dissociating the irreversible cellulase adsorption onto lignin. Fluorescence quenching mechanism revealed that PEG 4000 and Tween 80 intervened the interaction between lignin and cellulase by hydrogen bonds/Van der Waals and hydrophobic action, respectively. This work provided an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of PEG 4000 and Tween 80 on enhancing the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency.