Development of a new ceria/yttria-ceria double-doped bismuth oxide bilayer electrolyte low-temperature SOFC with higher stability

A new anode-supported ceria/bismuth oxide bilayer electrolyte solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) was developed. Yittria-ceria double-doped bismuth oxide (Bi 0.75 Y 0.25 ) 1.86 Ce 0.14 O 3 ± δ , (YCSB) which showed stable ionic conductivity across the temperature range of 650–500 °C was used as both the second electrolyte layer and as the oxygen ion conductor phase in the cathode. For a cell with a ~ 20 μm 10% gadolinium-doped ceria (GDC) layer and a ~ 12–13 μm YCSB layer, open circuit voltage (OCV) and maximum power density (MPD) of the cell at 650 °C reached 0.833 V and 760 mW/cm 2 , respectively. OCV stability of this bilayer was measured for 50 h at 625 and 600 °C (100 h in total), and exceptional stability of OCV with zero degradation was observed. In comparison, the cell with 10GDC/erbium-stabilized bismuth oxide (ESB) bilayer electrolyte showed a very rapid degradation of OCV at 600 °C (average hourly degradation rate of − 0.55%/h). In addition to the exceptional OCV stability, this new bilayer electrolyte exhibited no ohmic area-specific resistance (ASR) degradation at 600 and 625 °C. In contrast, the ohmic ASR of the cell with 10GDC/ESB bilayer electrolyte at 600 °C increased by five times over the first 50 h of operation mainly due to the conductivity decay of ESB. The rate of non-ohmic ASR degradation was also decreased by replacing the ESB with YCSB in the cathode structure.