Different long-term trends of extra-tropical cyclones and windstorms in ERA-20C and NOAA-20CR reanalyses: Extra-tropical cyclones and windstorms in 20th century reanalyses

NOAA 20th century and ERA-20C reanalysis datasets are evaluated regarding the representation of extra-tropical cyclones and windstorms over the Northern and Southern Hemisphere during the respective 6-month winter seasons. The results indicate substantial differences in low-frequency variability between the two datasets – especially in the first half of the 20th century – expressed in different signs and/or magnitudes of long-term trends. This is hampering a reliable analysis of real long-term trends of cyclone and windstorm activity. However, higher-frequency variability is in good agreement between both datasets especially for the Northern Hemisphere.