A mechanism‐denial study on the Madden‐Julian Oscillation with reduced interference from mean state changes

Mechanism‐denial experiments using Superparameterized Community Atmosphere Model are conducted to investigate the importance of extratropical and circumnavigating waves, wind‐evaporation feedback, and radiative‐convective feedback to the Madden‐Julian Oscillation (MJO). A common issue with mechanism‐denial studies is the interference from mean state changes when processes are turned off in the model. Here time‐invariant forcing and nudging on effective timescales longer than the intraseasonal timescale are implemented to maintain the mean state. The MJO activity remains largely unchanged with suppressed extratropical and circumnavigating waves when the mean state is maintained to be close to that of the control run, suggesting that excitation of MJO by extratropical and circumnavigating waves is not necessary for the existence of MJO in this model. It is also shown that the wind‐evaporation feedback slows down eastward propagation of the MJO, and the radiative‐convective feedback amplifies the MJO. Key Points Excitation of MJO by extratropical/circumnavigating waves are not necessary to MJO Radiative‐convective and wind‐evaporation feedbacks are important to the MJO It is important to maintain the mean state unchanged in MJO mechanism‐denial studies