Modular Design of Advanced Catalytic Materials Using Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Raspberry Particles

Catalysis is one of the most sophisticated areas of materials research that encompasses a diverse set of materials and phenomena occurring on multiple length and time scales. Designing catalysts that can be broadly applied toward global energy and environmental challenges requires the development of universal frameworks for complex catalytic systems through rational and independent (or quasi‐independent) optimization of multiple structural and compositional features. Toward addressing this goal, a modular platform is presented in which sacrificial organic colloids bearing catalytic nanoparticles on their surfaces self‐assemble with matrix precursors, simultaneously structuring the resulting porous networks and fine‐tuning the locations of catalyst particles. This strategy allows combinatorial variations of the material building blocks and their organization, in turn providing numerous degrees of freedom for optimizing the material's functional properties, from the nanoscale to the macroscale. The platform enables systematic studies and rational design of efficient and robust systems for a wide range of catalytic and photocatalytic reactions, as well as their integration into industrial and other real‐life environments. The development of efficient and scalable catalytic materials requires consideration of a complex interplay of a variety of chemical and physical processes. This review presents a modular approach for the rational design of advanced catalysts based on self‐assembling hybrid colloids, featuring control over parameters on multiple lengthscales.