The formation and characterization of large twin related domains

The enhanced properties of grain boundary engineered metals are a result of their unique microstructures, which contain large clusters of twinned grains, called twin related domains. These large twin related domains in grain boundary engineered Ni were found to form through recrystallization. Orientation mapping showed that sparse nucleation and multiple twinning resulted in twin related domains containing hundreds of grains connected together in complex morphologies. A correlation was found between the size of the twin related domains and the overall twin boundary fraction. The same correlation was also observed in Cu and a Ni superalloy, showing that this is a general observation for grain boundary engineered microstructures. This finding can be understood through the topology of the twin related domains and an accompanying scaling relation is provided. The crystal orientations contained within each twin related domain were observed to depend on both the spatial correlation of twinning variants and the degree of branching in the twin boundary network. The results suggest a natural way of quantifying grain boundary engineered microstructures and provide a step toward making a closer connection between processing, microstructure, and performance. [Display omitted]