Mortality following transarterial embolization due to hemorrhage after liver venous deprivation

Liver venous deprivation (LVD) is considered to be a safe and effective method that induces more rapid and important liver hypertrophy before major hepatectomy in comparison with portal vein embolization (PVE) alone. Bleeding complications after LVD or PVE are rare, but can be a life-threatening event. Herein, we report a case of perihepatic and extended subcapsular hematoma of the liver after LVD. Transarterial embolization was performed using gelfoam to control the hemorrhage; however, the patient developed irreversible liver failure and passed away after 38 days of treatment. In patients with LVD or PVE, severe post-procedural bleeding poses a substantial challenge for treatment. Arterial embolization should be carefully considered to avoid liver failure and even death, regardless of whether temporary embolization is used.