Investigation of Cu2ZnSnS4 solar cell buffer layer fabricated via spray pyrolysis

Copper zinc tin sulfide solar cells were fabricated by using spray pyrolysis from a window layer to an absorber layer. ZnS and In2S3 buffer layers were deposited on the TiO2 layer, and the photovoltaic characteristics were investigated. The ZnS buffer demonstrated a poor photovoltaic performance because of its poor surface coverage and micro-cracks at fluorine-doped tin oxide/TiO2 layers. The In2S3 buffer layer sprayed at low temperature (