Numerical analysis of unstable turbulent flows in a centrifugal pump impeller considering the curvature and rotation effect

In this study, a modified partially averaged Navier-Stokes model (MSST PANS) is proposed by treating a modified shear stress transport (SST) k - ω model as the parent turbulence model. The unstable turbulent flow in a centrifugal pump that considers the curvature and rotation effect is investigated as the test case to evaluate the performance of the MSST PANS model and analyze the flow instability in a centrifugal pump. The SST k - ω and the standard k - ε PANS models are also evaluated for comparison. Results show that the MSST PANS model exhibits excellent performance and delivers the most satisfactory prediction results of the positive slope of the characteristic curve, time-averaged internal flows, and velocity profiles. The energy loss based on the energy balance equations is adopted to provide an explanation of the internal flow evolutions in pumps. The findings also indicate energy loss distribution is associated with the positive slope phenomenon. The high-velocity gradient flows at the entrance of the blade-to-blade passage and the reverse flows at the impeller exit are the main reasons for the high turbulent kinetic energy in the impeller. The MSST PANS model demonstrates promising applications in the field of hydraulic machinery, where unstable turbulent flows are prevalent.