청대(淸代) 산과(産科) 의서와 여성의 출산: 『달생편(達生編)』을 중심으로

Ye Feng(葉風) composed what was to become one of the most famous and widely-circulating medical works of the late imperial period, the Treatise on Easy Childbirth(達生編,1715). Ye Feng proposed the idea of natural childbirth, When the correct moment for birth had arrived, the child would leave its mother’s body as easily as “a ripe melon drops from the stem” (瓜熟蒂落). He argued attempts to facilitate birth were therefore not only unnecessary, and female midwives artificial intervention was not required. However, this view is to overlook the pangs of childbirth, and women bear responsibility for the failure of delivery. So his views reflect the gender order in male-dominated. Also he constructed the negative image of the midwife and belittle her childbirth techniques. As a result, midwife are excluded from the childbirth field, male doctors grasp guardianship rights of the female body. Ye Feng declared that the key to safe and successful delivery could be summed up in just a few words: “sleep, endure the pain, delay approaching the birthing tub(睡, 忍痛, 慢臨盆)”. This view must be consistent with the Confucian norms, women to export to equip the 'patience' and 'self-control'. These norms were exposed desire men want to monitor and control the female body, effect on consolidation of patriarchal family order. In sum, the discourse of “a ripe melon drops from the stem”and “sleep, endure the pain, delay approaching the birthing tub” comprised an important intellectual resource that male doctors drew on to legitimate themselves as superior overseers of women’s gestational bodies. KCI Citation Count: 2