Large scale vertical implantation of crystalline titania nanotube arrays

We present simple method to fabricate large scale TiO 2 nanotube arrays of a few tens micrometers length perpendicularly implanted on transparent electroconducting glass substrate. The thickness and morphology of the titania nanotube arrays layer can be easily tuned, enabling designing the optimal architecture of the nanostructured titania film for diverse applications including dye-sensitized solar cell.