Multifocal Polypoid Endometriosis Mimicking Malignancy in a Young Woman with a History of Hormonal Treatment

Some reported cases have been associated with unopposed estrogen treatment, phytoestrogen, and tamoxifen, suggesting the role of estrogenic stimulation in the development of the disease.1,3-6 Withdrawal of a GnRH agonist was also reported to cause polypoid endometriosis as a rebound phenomenon.3,7 To our knowledge, there is no previous report of polypoid endometriosis associated with OCs. [...]it was in the form of hormone replacement therapy after menopause or oophorectomy rather than a contraceptive use. Yet again, a thorough microscopic examination with sufficient sampling is warranted in these patients in order to exclude complex hyperplasia or adenocarcinoma, which, although very rare, has arisen in polypoid endometriosis.1 Polypoid endometriosis should also be included in the differential diagnosis of seemingly malignant adnexal tumors in a young woman, especially when associated with a history of hormone therapy, notably OCs, for endometriosis.