Do Failure of Posterior Tibial Nerve Stimulation Precludes to Use Sacral Neuromodulation in Patient With Overactive Bladder?

To evaluate the outcomes of sacral neuromodulation (SNM) after failure of transcutaneous posterior tibial nerve stimulation (TPTNS) in patients with overactive bladder (OAB). A retrospective study was conducted in 3 university hospitals and included all patients with OAB and treated with SNM after TPTNS had been tried between October 2008 and May 2018. The primary endpoint was the proportion of definitive SNM device implantation in patients with 50% objective and/or subjective improvement after a test period (stage 1). The secondary outcomes of interest were changes of the number of diurnal voids and nocturia episodes per 24 hours between the end of TPTNS and the end of stage 1. Overall, 28 of the 43 patients included achieved at least 50% objective and/or subjective improvement during stage 1 and underwent an Interstim II implantation (65.1%). The mean daytime frequency decreased significantly from 10.3/day at the end of TPTNS to 7.8 diurnal voids/day at the end of SNM stage 1 (P=0.01). The mean number of nocturia episodes decreased from 2.5/night at the end of TPTNS to 2.1/night at the end of stage 1, but this did not reach statistical significance (P=0.18). There was no other parameter significantly associated with response to SNM. SNM might improve OAB symptoms in most patients who experienced no or poor efficacy with TPTNS. History of failed TPTNS should not preclude the use of SNM in OAB patients.