The environmental effects of microplastics on aquatic ecosystems

Purpose of review Contamination of aquatic ecosystems by plastics under 5 mm in size, which are classified as microplastics (MPs), is becoming increasingly serious, and research on the ecotoxicity of MPs is needed. In this study, we aimed to present solutions to the problem of MPs through a review of the current state of research on the definition of MPs, usage, leakage, toxicity, and domestic and overseas circulation of plastics. Recent findings Long-term exposure to MPs results in ecotoxicity. MPs not only deliver chemical substances within organisms, but also act as mediators for chemicals or other contaminants in aquatic environments. Co-exposure to MPs and chemical contaminants has been reported to increase toxicity in several organisms.