Did the 12 September 2016 Gyeongju, South Korea earthquake cause surface deformation?

An earthquake with a local magnitude (M L ) of 5.8 occurred on 12 September 2016 near Gyeongju, South Korea. This earthquake was the largest event on record in Korea since 1978. A relatively large (M L 5.1) foreshock preceded the main shock by about 50 min, and numerous aftershocks followed. In this study, we performed seismological and geodetic analyses to determine the possibility of the occurrence of surface deformation. Estimated surface deformation using seismological analysis was less than 1 cm, and that observed by geodetic (GNSS and InSAR) data was within the range of error. These results indicate that no surface deformation occurred due to this earthquake. This may have been due to relatively small size of the fault plane (4 km × 4 km), moderate moment magnitude (Mw 5.5) or deep focal depth (15.4 km) of the earthquake.