Inhibitory Effects of Plant Extracts on Tyrosinase Activity and Melanin Synthesis

In order to develop a new skin whitening agent, approximately 100 plant extracts were evaluated for their inhibitory activities against melanin biosynthesis in cultured mouse melanocyte melan-a cells. As a result, seven extracts exhibited over 50% inhibition of melanin synthesis compared to control at a concentration of 20 ㎍/ml. In particular, Aster ageratoides Turcz. var. ageratoides (branch, root, aerial, flower; IC∧50 = 17.3, 6.1, 13.6, 12.9 ㎍/ml, respectively) and Physalis alkekengi var. francheti (leaf, unripen fructus, aerial; IC∧50 = 6.5, 28.3, 23.9 ㎍/ml) markedly inhibited melanin synthesis. In addition, tyrosinase activity was monitored by the measurement of dopachrome formation from the oxidation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine. Extracts of A. ageratoides Turcz. var. ageratoides (flower) and P. alkekengi var. francheti (leaf) showed the most potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. These plants might be the potential candidate sources in the development of novel skin-whitening products.