The ACE polymorphism is associated with BMI in patients with metabolic syndrome

The angiotensin-converting enzyme ( ACE ) polymorphism is well known to be associated with cardiovascular diseases. Until now, however, evidence for the role of ACE polymorphism in susceptibility to metabolic syndrome (MS) has not been well studied. Thus, we investigated an association between ACE polymorphisms and Korean patients with MS. DNA samples from 214 MS patients and 193 age-matched non-MS subjects were amplified using the polymerase chain reaction for detection of the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) and Bst UI polymorphisms. Anthropometric and physiological parameters including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were measured. The genotype frequencies of the ACE I/D and Bst UI polymorphisms were not significantly different between the non-MS and the MS group. The BB genotype distribution of the Bst UI polymorphism in the female subgroup, however, was associated with an increased risk of MS ( P = 0.008). When the data were stratified by BMI values, the high BMI groups showed significant differences between the non-MS and the MS groups, compared to the low BMI group, in all genotype frequencies of the ACE I/D and Bst UI polymorphisms. The trend remained even when the genotypes of the two polymorphisms were combined. Although no consistent results were obtained on the association between the ACE polymorphism and MS in the populations studied, the ACE polymorphism, at least in Koreans, may be a genetic determinant of BMI in MS patients. Therefore, further studies are required on the association between the ACE polymorphism and MS patients in other racial or ethnic groups.