간척지 논토양의 물리화학성 변동에 관한 연구

The physico-chemical properties of ten reclaimed saline soils in five soil series of west-south Korea were analyzed according to the years past after reclamation. The soil samples were collected at the same sites two times in 2000 and 2004. The physico-chemical properties in 2000 had been changed in 2004 as follows. Soil salinity was the highest in Podu and desalinization period was the shortest in Munpo and Yeompo. Seasonal ground water level were above 100 cm in all regions that were 30 years old reclaimed tidal land, which was the same results of normal paddy field. In the case of soil physical changes, bulk density increased in fine textured soil (Poseung and Podu) but decreased in coarse textured soil (Gwanghwal, Munpo, and Yeompo). Porosity decreased in fine textured soil(Poseung and Podu) but increased in coarse textured soil. These reason were as follows. Fine textured soil were increased in solid phase but decreased in liquid and gaseous phase. Coarse textured soil, Gwanghwal and Munpo except for Yempo, were increased in gaseous phase but decreased in solid and liquid phase. Yempo that have low water table level were increased in liquid phase but decreased in solid and gaseous phase. Soil hardness increased in 4 soil series except for Munpo. In the case of chemical property changes, although there were more or less difference, it showed decreasing tendencies. Soil pH, the content of organic matter, available phosphate, and available silicate of five soil series were decreased during the four years. The content of exchangeable cation also decreased except for magnesium. 서남해안 10개 지구 13,334 ha에 대한 간척년대 및 토양통별 염농도, 지하수위와 토양물리화학성 조사 및 분석을 2000년, 2004년에 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 5개 토양통 중 포두통이 염농도가 가장 높았고 문포통과 염포통은 제염기간이 가장 짧았으며, 계절별 지하수위는 모든 지구에서 100 cm 이상으로 간척 30년 이상 경과된 지구는 보통답 수준이었다. 토양물리성 변화 중 용적밀도는 조립질 토양 (광활통, 염포통, 문포통)에서 감소하고 세립질 토양 (포승통, 포두통)에서 증가한 반면에 공극률은 조립질 토양에서 증가하였으며 세립질 토양에서 감소되었다. 이와 같은 이유는 세립질 토양은 고상율이 증가하고 액상율과 기상율이 감소한 반면에 조립질 토양 중 광활통 및 문포통은 기상율이 증가되었으며 고상율과 액상율이 감소되었다. 한편 염포통은 지하수위가 낮아 액상율이 증가하고 고상율과 기상율이 감소되었기 때문이다. 토양경도는 문포통을 제외한 4개토양에서 증가되었다. 토양화학성은 크게 변화가 없었으며 감소되는 경향을 나타냈는데 4년 동안 pH는 낮아지고 유기물, 유효인산과 유효규산 함량 및 치환성마그네슘 함량을 제외한 치환성 양이온 함량은 감소되었다.