Age is an Independent Risk Factor for the Early Morning Blood Pressure Surge in Patients Never-Treated for Hypertension

The early morning blood pressure surge (EMBPS) has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular events. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between 24-hour ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM) parameters and conventional cardiovascular risk factors. Patients (n=346) never-treated for essential hypertension with no other cardiovascular risk factors, such as diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nephropathy were enrolled. The EMBPS was defined as the early morning systolic BP minus the lowest night systolic BP. We compared the 24-hour ABPM parameters in two groups divided by age (/=60 years) and examined the association between the 24-hour ABPM parameters and cardiovascular risk factor. The EMBPS (18+/-14 vs. 24+/-14 mmHg, p=0.002), 24-hour mean blood pressure {MBP; 102+/-9 vs. 105+/-11 mmHg, p=0.044}, and 24-hour mean pulse pressure (PP; 52+/-10 vs. 58+/-11 mmHg, p28 mmHg) after adjusting for gender differences, body mass index, and various 24-hour ABPM parameters (odds ratio, 1.051; 95% confidence interval, 1.028-1.075; p