High-Recycling Characteristics in the KSTAR Tokamak Divertor by Using Two-Dimensional Transport Simulations

If lens modules and diractive optical elements are used, a new design approach can be applied to a digital still-camera lens system. The optimum initial design satisfying the specic requirements and the real lens design obtained from the lens modules are presented. An initial design with a focal length of 4.0 mm is derived by assigning appropriate rst-order quantities and third-order aberrations to each module along with the constraints required for the optimum solutions. For a compact camera system, refractive and diractive elements are used. The hybrid real lens, which is equivalent to the lens module, can be quickly obtained by matching the rst-order quantities and the third-order aberrations of the module at a given conjugate. Compared to the conventional design, this approach dramatically saves time and eort. The separately designed elements are then combined to establish an actual camera system. The nally designed camera lens has enough performance over an f-number of 4.0 and is expected to fulll all the requirements of a digital still camera lens. KCI Citation Count: 11