LiMn2O4-based cathode thin films for Li thin-film batteries

Substitution methods for Mn 3+ in a spinel lithium manganese oxide with other cations have been used to prevent capacity degradation during the electrochemical charge and discharge of Li-batteries by increasing the average valence of Mn. In particular, in this review we outlin the effects of Sn substitution on the cycling performance of LiMn 2 O 4 thin films that can be used as positive electrode in Li-batteries. The thin films were prepared by using pulsed laser deposition and solution deposition with regard to the structural and the electro-chemical characteristics.