Electric Fenton technology with Jacaranda fruit shell biochar as particle electrode for the removal of emerging pollutant ciprofloxacin hydrochloride

The overuse of antibiotics has become a serious environmental problem, and addressing how to remove antibiotics from aquatic environments poses a significant challenge. This study prepared a porous biochar material (BSJ) using natural Jacaranda fruit shells as raw materials and combined it with an electric Fenton system (EF-BSJ) to degrade ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CIP). Characterization and analysis of biochar using SEM, BET, Raman spectroscopy, and other methods revealed that the porous structure and aromatic functional groups of biochar play a crucial role in adsorbing CIP. The effects of carbonization temperature and carbonization time on the adsorption of CIP by biochar were investigated during the biochar preparation process. At 800℃ and 1.5 hours, the maximum adsorption efficiency of biochar for CIP is 96.88%. In addition, thestudy investigated the impact of cathode and anode materials of the EF-BSJ system on the degradation efficiency of CIP. When platinum-titnium plating was used as the anode and foam nickel electrode as the cathoded, the CIP removal rate could reach 95.48%. Finally, the UV full-band scanning method was used to determine that CIP was degraded into small molecule substances, achieving the goal of removing CIP. This study introduces a novel strategy for eliminating antibiotics.