Alteration of RNA Demethylases by Cholesterol Crystals

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the arteries that can lead to cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol crystals are one of the elements found in atherosclerotic plaques, and they play a significant role in the development and progression of the disease. In this study, we investigated the effects of cholesterol crystals on mRNA modification in macrophages, which are involved in plaque formation and inflammation. We used RAW 264.7 cells, a murine macrophage cell line, and exposed them to cholesterol crystals. We found that cholesterol crystals stimulated the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNFα. Furthermore, cholesterol crystals were taken up by the macrophages and were detected within the cells. Interestingly, cholesterol crystals upregulated demethylating enzymes FTO and ALKBH5, which are involved in RNA modification. However, the expression of methyltransferases, including METTL3, METTL14, NSUN2, and WTAP remained unchanged. These results suggest that cholesterol crystals can modulate mRNA modification by affecting demethylating enzymes and pro-inflammatory cytokines, potentially contributing to the development of atherosclerosis. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying cholesterol crystalinduced atherosclerosis may provide new insights into preventive and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular diseases.