A sea lion optimized microstrip patch antenna for enhancing the energy efficiency of the WSN

There is a growing trend toward the use of intelligent Wireless Sensor Networks for a variety of applications (WSNs). One of the main difficulties with WSNs is energy efficiency (EE). For energy saving, the directional antennas (Das) utilization is radiated in a specified direction but they reduce beam width by focusing power in that direction. Consequently, for enhancing EE and the longevity of the network, a low-powered double T slotted Micro Strip Patch Antenna (MSPA) was proposed in this paper. In the ‘4’ phases, the antenna is designed. Along with this, a new directional ‘2’ T-shaped MSPA with the aim of enhancing EE is designed. The initial parameters of the designed antenna are fed into the Sea Lion Optimization Algorithm to acquire an optimal parameter for obtaining a better frequency range. The proposed model attains the return loss of −19.2db, a gain of 2.5db, and directivity of 5.79db when contrasted with prevailing models. By achieving this, the paper exhibits the developed system’s superiority and could be a well-energy-efficient antenna in WSN. To encompass building an optimal antenna for WSNs, the work can be enlarged in the future by utilizing meta-material structure gain.