Enalapril maleate as a green accelerator for zinc phosphating coating on low-carbon steel
[Display omitted] •Eco-friendly enalapril maleate (EM) was introduced as phosphating coating accelerator.•EM as an accelerator reduced the working temperature from 80 ℃ of traditional phosphating to 40 ℃.•The introduction of 1.6 g/L EM displays the densest coating with the best corrosion resistance...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of industrial and engineering chemistry (Seoul, Korea) 2023, 120(0), , pp.477-486 |
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Sprache: | eng |
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•Eco-friendly enalapril maleate (EM) was introduced as phosphating coating accelerator.•EM as an accelerator reduced the working temperature from 80 ℃ of traditional phosphating to 40 ℃.•The introduction of 1.6 g/L EM displays the densest coating with the best corrosion resistance (0.0246 mpy).•The DFT was utilized to analyze the adsorption principle, the local reactivity and the phosphating promotion mechanism of EM.
In this study, enalapril maleate (EM), a green ingredient of an antihypertensive drug, was selected as an accelerator for phosphate coating promoting on low-carbon steel. The scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), 3D morphologies, coating weight, coating thickness and free acidity (FA) as well as total acidity (TA) were characterized to analyze the coating performance. Copper sulfate titration, potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were performed to evaluate corrosion resistance of phosphate coatings. The DFT computations were applied to explore the phosphating promoting mechanism. The results show that the EM optimal concentration is 1.6 g/L which lowers the operating temperature (form 80 ℃ to 40 ℃), generates the smoothest (Ra = 2.85 μm), the heaviest (28.35 g/cm2) and the thinnest (21.6 μm) coating, and reduces the corrosion rate from 1.099 mpy of blank to 0.0246 mpy. The density functional theory (DFT) results confirm that EM adsorbs on low-carbon steel by electrophilic sites (N10) as well as nucleophilic sites (C10), forms nucleated particles preferentially and accelerates the growth of crystals. Therefore, EM is a green organic compound with high phosphating promotion efficiency which has potential application prospects in industrial phosphating. |
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ISSN: | 1226-086X 1876-794X |
DOI: | 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.12.056 |