Population genetic differentiation in three sympatric damselfly species in a highly fragmented urban landscape (Zygoptera: Coenagrionidae)

The AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique was used to compare the levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among Paracercion calamorum, Ischnura senegalensis and I. asiatica and to compare the genetic structure of populations found in highly fragmented urban habitats to populations in relatively continuous rural habitats. For all 3 spp., high genetic diversity was found in both areas. However, population genetic differentiation among urban populations was approximately twice that of rural populations, indicating that movements between habitat patches are more restricted in urban areas, probably due to human disturbances that may function as barriers. Inter-specific differences regarding genetic diversity and differentiation are further discussed in terms of habitat specificity.