204(P33) Cranial nonmetric analyses of the human remains of the Spring and Autumn, and Warring States Period excavated from Henan, China

To identify the origin of the Yayoi people who came from the Asian continent to the Japanese Archipelago, we examined the skulls of ancient Chinese people and compared their bones with those of East Asians. The human bones of 83 bodies were from the remains of Xinghong and 205 from Zhouzhuang. We observed 35 cranial nonmetric traits, and calculated incidences on single-side basis. Incidences of the supraorbital foramen and hypoglossal canal bridging were present in 40 and 15% of the Xinghong and 46 and 13% of the Zhouzhuang people, respectively. There was little difference in the incidences of two traits between the Xinghong, Zhouzhuang, and Northern Kyushu Yayoi (continental lineage) groups. Using Smith's Mean Measure of Divergence, we analyzed and compared the incidences of 15 traits between 17 groups in East Asian. The Xinghong and Zhouzhuang peoples were different from the Jomon and Northwestern Yayoi people (Jomon lineage), closely related to the Northern Kyushu Yayoi people, modern Chinese in Northern China, modern Korean, modern Japanese in Northwestern Kyushu.