Comprehensive analysis of differences of N6-methyladenosine of IncRNAs between atrazine-induced and normal Xenopus laevis testis

[Abstract] [Background] : Increasing evidence suggested N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is crucial for male germline development. However, m6A modification of IncRNAs gains a little attention in amphibians in recent years. Xenopus laevis (X. laevis) was chosen to be an ideal model organism for testing environmental endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) exposure and resultant effects. Atrazine (AZ) as an endocrine disrupt can effect development of testis in amphibians. Our previous study revealed that m6A is a highly conserved modification across the species. [Results] : The results of m6A sequences showed that m6A-methylated IncRNAs enriched in intergenic region in testes of X. laevis. We further examined the differential expression of IncRNAs m6A sites in testes of AZ-exposed and compared with that in animals from control group. The results indicated that up to 198 differentially methylated m6A sites were detected within 188 IncRNAs, in which 89 significantly up-methylated sites and 109 significantly down-methylated sites. Data from KEGG pathway analysis indicated that AZ-affected IncRNAs m6A sites were mainly involved in 10 pathways in which 3 mutual pathways were found in the result of differentially m6A-methylated mRNAs. [Conclusions] : These findings suggested that differentially m6A-methylated IncRNAs and these 3 pathways may act on regulatory roles in abnormal testis development of AZ-exposed X. laevis. This study for the first time provides insights into the profile of IncRNAs m6A modifications in amphibian species.