Effect of critical illness insurance on the medical expenditures of rural patients in China: an interrupted time series study for universal health insurance coverage

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine if critical illness insurance (CII) promotes the universal health coverage to reduce out-of-pocket (OOP) medical expenditures and improve the effective reimbursement rate (ERR) in rural China. STUDY DESIGN: The 5-year monthly hospitalisation data, starting 2 years before the CII (ie, the 'intervention') began, were collected. Interrupted time series analysis models were used to evaluate the immediate and gradual effects of CII on OOP payment and ERR. SETTING: The study was conducted in Xiantao County, Hubei Province, China. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 511 221 inpatients within 5 years were included in the analysis. RESULTS: In 2016, 100 288 patients received in-patient services, among which 4137 benefited from CII. After the implementation of CII, OOP expenses increased 32.2% (95% CI 24.8% to 39.5%, p