Proactive complementarity : the International Criminal Court and national courts in the Rome system of international justice

When the International Criminal Court (ICC) was established, states, NGOs, and the international community had high expectations that the Court would bring an end to impunity and provide broad-based accountability for international crimes - expectations remain largely unfulfilled due to political constraints, resource limitations, and the limited ability of the ICC to apprehend suspects - argues that the Court must engage with national governments and encourage states to undertake their own prosecutions of international crimes.