Elbow arthroplasty: where are we today? A narrative review

Background The elbow joint is a complex compound articulation, with a linking role within the upper limb kinematics. Its hinge function allows for proper placement of our working instrument (the hand) in the space surrounding us, directed by the shoulder joint. Both reliable mobility and stability are essential elements to allow for consistent bridging of the distance we aim to achieve in common daily activities. Sufficient flexion and extension are required to ensure both the patients' independence and the dignity. Next to the hinge, a radio-ulnar rotation with precise co-operation of forearm and wrist spin enhances the linking function with accurate precision instrument manipulation. Arthritis of the elbow joint or cubarthritis, whether primary or secondary, may not be as highly prevalent as hip or knee arthritis, but its impact on daily live certainly cannot be underestimated. Methods Current treatment options for failing cubarthritis are reviewed. Results Surgical techniques to reconstruct or replace the elbow joint are currently increasingly efficient with mounting long-term outcome reports. Debridement techniques including open or arthroscopic Outerbridge-Kashiwaghi procedure often delays joint replacement. Implants for joint arthroplasty focus on the ulna-humeral joint mostly with semi-constrained linked techniques, but there is a trend towards total joint replacement including the radiocapitellar joint. Conclusion In this independent review article, elbow joint failure due to cubarthritis and an overview of its current state-of-the-art orthopaedic treatment algorithm is presented, with its indications, advantages, risks and outcome.