Evaluation of adaptive thermal comfort models in moderate climates and their impact on energy use in office buildings

Thermally Activated Building Systems (TABS) are regarded as top-cooling systems rather than full air-conditioning systems. Therefore, adaptive thermal comfort models (ASHRAE55, ISSO74 or EN15251) are supposed to be applicable to TABS buildings, although the comfort model conditions are not necessarily satisfied. This paper investigates whether, for a moderate climate and with the heating and cooling set points chosen according to the adaptive models, the building's energy use reduces. After all, applying adaptive models, if appropriate, is thought to lower energy use because higher maximum operative zone temperatures T\low{op,max} are allowed, compared to the conventional ISO7730 model. For purpose of generality, a building with an ideal heating and cooling system is considered. Analysis of moderate climate weather data reveals a low energy reducing potential for the ASHRAE55 and ISSO74 model, because high reference outdoor temperatures hardly occur. EN15251 on the other hand, allows very high T\low{op,max} and will lower the cooling need. A 2-zone building simulation demonstrates a higher cooling need for ASHRAE55 and ISSO74, compared to ISO7730. Because cooling is needed during the whole year, the lower winter T\low{op,max} of these adaptive models causes these unexpected results. With real data of warmer years or varying gains, this conclusion holds.