Recent Advancements in Biocompatible Coatings for Metallic and Non-Metallic Biomaterials: A Review

Metallic biomaterials are commonly utilized in medical implants due to their outstanding biocompatibility and corrosion resistance. These materials provide a strong foundation for various coating applications, with hydroxyapatite standing out due to its strong chemical resemblance to natural bone tissue, resulting in an exceptional biocompatibility. Recent research has highlighted the promise of composite coatings comprising hydroxyapatite combined with other hydroxides, particularly in the context of biomedical applications. These composite coatings exhibit notable strengths, enhanced adhesion properties, and superior corrosion resistance when they are applied to metallic biomaterials. Furthermore, the introduction of nanocomposite coatings has been proven to be effective in mitigating bacterial growth on surfaces. The application of composite coatings can result in increased surface roughness on coated samples. Crucially, the homogeneity within the structure of these composite coatings can enhance their ability to form strong bonds with bone tissues. This review synthesizes observed findings regarding composite coatings and their potential advantages in diverse applications. This review may furnish invaluable insights for researchers and practitioners actively engaged in diverse aspects of bone implant design and fabrication.