Antimicrobial Activity of Benzophenones and Extracts from the Fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis

The pericarp and seeds from fruits of Garcinia brasiliensis were subjected to extraction with hexane and ethanol. The pericarp hexane extract (PHE) and seed ethanol extract (SEE) were purified by silica gel column chromatography, which permitted isolation of the prenylated benzophenones 7-epiclusianone (1) and guttiferone-A (2), respectively. The antimicrobial activity of PHE, SEE, and compounds 1 and 2 were evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Bacillus cereus cultures. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were established. The substances presented activity against S. aureus and B. cereus as follows: PHE, $4.0\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.4\;{\mu}g/mL$; SEE, $10.0\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $12.6\;{\mu}g/mL$; 7-epiclusianone, $1.2\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $0.6\;{\mu}g/mL$; and guttiferone-A, $2.4\;{\mu}g/mL$ and $2.4\;{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The direct relationship between the lipophilic character of the structure and activity in Gram-positive bacteria was specifically observed. Therefore these extracts and prenylated benzophenones represent an interesting topic for further studies and open possibilities for an alternative control of diseases associated with Gram-positive bacteria.