Coronal Alignment of the Lower Limb and the Incidence of Constitutional Varus Knee in Korean Females

Purpose: In total knee arthroplasty (TKA), it is important to restore neutral mechanical alignment. The purpose of this study was to assess whether the lower limb alignment is neutral in healthy Korean females and investigate the incidence of constitutional varus knees among them. Materials and Methods: Weight-bearing full-leg standing radiographs were obtained from 118 healthy females between the ages of 20 to 39 years. One radiologist and two orthopaedic surgeons measured the hip-knee-ankle angle (HKAA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and femoral anatomic mechanical angle (FAMA) on the radiographs and compared with the traditional gold standard HKAA of 0o, MPTA of 3o varus, and FAMA of 6o. Results: The interobserver reliability of the three independent observers was high (p