Regulation of Apoptosis Reduction in the Cisplatin-Resistant A431 Cell Line by Bcl-2 and CPP32

Cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), CDDP) is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents; however, the mechanisms of resistance to this drug are still unknown. Recent reports have demonstrated that chemotherapy can induce apoptosis in some cancer cells, indicating that apoptosis may play a very important role in cancer therapy. Therefore, we used a CDDP-resistant cell line from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line A431 to investigate whether the modulation of apoptosis influences CDDP resistance. In the CDDP-resistant cell, the cell cycle was not perturbed after CDDP treatment. DNA gel electrophoresis and ELISA of the CDDP-resistant cell showed reduced apoptosis when compared with A431 cells treated with CDDP. We determined the p53, Bcl-2, Bax and CPP32 protein levels by Western blotting. This analysis demonstrated a marked increase in Bcl-2 protein levels and a reduction in CPP32 protein levels in CDDP-resistant cells. Our results indicate that the reduction of apoptosis was one of the CDDP-resistant mechanisms, and that reduced apoptosis in CDDP-resistant cells was influenced by Bcl-2 and CPP32 proteins.