Calprotectin in Daily Practice: Where Do We Stand in 2017?

Background: To make a distinction between organic and functional disease is essential for gastroenterologists in their daily practice, but it may be challenging, given the variety and aspecificity of gastrointestinal symptoms among the general population. The clinician aim is to avoid diagnostic delay and to restrict unnecessary invasive and expensive exams. Summary: Faecal markers, in particular faecal calprotectin (FC), have given proof of being reliable markers of intestinal inflammation with good clinical sensitivity. Calprotectin is useful in the differential diagnosis between inflammatory bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome, as well as in the follow-up of inflammatory bowel disease patients and in predicting treatment response, with an excellent correlation with endoscopic activity. Its role in collagenous colitis and infectious colitis is less clear and still under investigation. Key Message: Despite the growing evidence supporting its use, many clinicians are uncomfortable in dosing FC, due to its low specificity and the variability of cut-off values. Indeed there are no clear guidelines about how to manage patients with intermediate levels of FC. The aim of this article is to review recent literature on calprotectin and its use. The strong points and the limits of FC measurement will be analysed, and a practical approach in the daily clinical routine will be proposed.