Effects of Selective Activation of M1 and M4 Muscarinic Receptors on Object Recognition Memory Performance in Rats

Acetylcholine signaling through muscarinic receptors has been shown to benefit memory performance in some conditions, but pan-muscarinic activation also frequently leads to peripheral side effects. Drug therapies that selectively target M 1 or M 4 muscarinic receptors could potentially improve memory while minimizing side effects mediated by the other muscarinic receptor subtypes. The ability of three recently developed drugs that selectively activate M 1 or M 4 receptors to improve recognition memory was tested by giving Long-Evans rats subcutaneous injections of three different doses of the M 1 agonist VU0364572, the M 1 positive allosteric modulator BQCA or the M 4 positive allosteric modulator VU0152100 before performing an object recognition memory task. VU0364572 at 0.1 mg/kg, BQCA at 1.0 mg/kg and VU0152100 at 3.0 and 30.0 mg/kg improved the memory performance of rats that performed poorly at baseline, yet the improvements in memory performance were the most statistically robust for VU0152100 at 3.0 mg/kg. The results suggested that selective M 1 and M 4 receptor activation each improved memory but that the likelihood of obtaining behavioral efficacy at a given dose might vary between subjects even in healthy groups depending on baseline performance. These results also highlighted the potential of drug therapies that selectively target M 1 or M 4 receptors to improve memory performance in individuals with impaired memory.