Recommended Values of Rain and Hail Concentrations to be Considered in the Design of Turbine Engines

Extreme rain and hail conditions have caused engine rundowns during commercial airplane flights. In some cases, rain and hail conditions have caused all of the engines on the airplane to rundown simultaneously. This paper presents an analysis that quantifies the rain and hail threat in terms of the probability of encountering a storm of a given intensity for a given period of time. This analysis was used to establish recommended rain and hail concentration levels for design and certification of turbine engines.