Investigation of Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of In-Cylinder Processes in Gasoline Direct Injection Engines Operating With Variable Tumble Systems

To operate gasoline direct injection engines at part load and in stratified mode the mixture formation has to fulfil several requirements. The complexity of this process requires – regarding a suitable mixture transportation and vaporisation of the fuel – an adjusted design of the combustion chamber and the intake ports to reliably place an ignitable mixture at ignition timing near the spark plug at any speed and load. Due to the inhomogeneous mixture distribution during stratified operation, the first combustion period is very sensitive to cycle-to-cycle variations. A reproducible mixture movement with high kinetic energy is necessary for stable engine operation with low fluctuations in the combustion process. Because of the high relevance of these facts, the effects of an adjustable air guiding system in the inlet manifold on in-cylinder flow, ignition and combustion using optical measurement techniques were investigated.