EXCAVATION AT BAKR AWA 2010 AND 2011 / ﺣﻔﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺁﻭﻩ ٢٠١٠ ﻭ٢٠١١

The site of Bakr Awa is situated in north-eastern Iraq, in the Plain of Shahrizor. Excavations were undertaken in 1960/61 by the Iraqi Department of Antiquities and 2010/11 by the University of Heidelberg/Germany. Occupation layers from the beginning of the Early Bronze Age tothe Ottoman period were uncoveredin the lower city and on the citadel. Archaeological evidence from the secondmillennium b.c. shows the most intensive settlement activities and apparent prosperity at Bakr Awa. Several forms of pottery, small finds and architecture reflect dynamic processes of cultural and political transformation at this site located in an area of transition between northern and southern Mesopotamia and western Iran. ﻳﻘﻊ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﺑﻜﺮ ﺁﻭﻩ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻗﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ ﻓﻲ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺷﻬﺮﺯﻭﺭ. ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺃﺕ ﺍﻟﺤﻔﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ١٩٦٠-١٩٦١ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﻵﺛﺎﺭ ﻭﻓﻲ ﻋﺎﻡ ٢٠١٠-٢٠١١ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻫﻴﺪﻟﺒﺮﺝ ﺍﻷﻟﻤﺎﻧﻴﺔ. ﺗﻢ ﺍﻛﺘﺸﺎﻑ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪﺍﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺮﻭﻧﺰﻱ ﺍﻟﻤﺒﻜﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻌﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺜﻤﺎﻧﻲ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻌﺔ ﻧﻔﺴﻬﺎ. ﺗﺒﻴﻦ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺍﻷﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻷﺛﺮﻳﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻴﻄﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﺧﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﻓﻲ ﺑﻜﺮ ﻋﻮﺍ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﺷﺪﻫﺎ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻷﻟﻒ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻼﺩ. ﺍﻹﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻔﺨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﻟﻠﻘﻰﺍﻟﺼﻐﻴﺮﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﺮﺍﻥ ﺗﺸﻴﺮ ﺇﻟﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺍﻟﻤﻮﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﺎﻥ ﻳﻘﻊ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺗﺤﻮﻝ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﻤﺎﻝ ﻭﺟﻨﻮﺏ ﺑﻼﺩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﻦ (ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻕ) ﻭﻏﺮﺏ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﻥ .