LES TENDANCES REFORMISTES DANS LA PLANIFICATION SOVIETIQUE

The Soviet System of planning of the Stalin type imposes upon the firms a num-ber of rules concerning production, distribution and investments. Inspite some changes in the details introdu-ced under Khrushchev this system is still in force. It is not very effective cannot carry out coherent plans because of the very administrative in the plan creation, of the too character or the forecasts and of the technical difficulties. Moadministrative reover the changing objectives of the Government are too often confused with optimal solutions. The gaps in the system have been recognised a long time ago in the Soviet Union where many plans of basic reforms were published and reand ferred to the names of Liberman, Nemcinov and Trapeznikov. A tenaction dency towards a flexible planning reoptimistic suits from these plans. The success of the firm will be measured by its profit which alone harmonizes the interests of the people in the firm and the ones of the State. A price reform, the abolition of free capital and the granting of a real autonomy to the firm are the necessary conditions of such an evolution. The autonomy of the firm, which, according to many authors is the main condition, should result in the right to prepare its own plan, to chose its own suppliers and clients, to exercise its own activity without the interference of the authorities. Now the Soviet government is only engaged in the semplification of the administrative planning system. Partial experiments called « direct links » facilitate the choice of both suppliers and clients and grant the firms more autonomy but are mostly used in the sectors whose stock-in-trade is remarkable. The general experiments, passed at the end of September 1965 are on the contrary much less liberal, foreseen along a period of many years and submitted to many suspensive conditions as the price reform or a sufficient profitability. All these experiments are still weak and the Soviet government could be obliged either to go further or to reconsider the allowances granted to the firms. Das sowjetische System der administrativen Planung stalinistischer Art zwingt den Unternehmen einen Komplex von Vorschriften bei der Produktion, Verteilung und Investition auf. Trotz einiger z. Z. Chruschtschows einge führten Detaileinrichtungen bleibt dieses System immer noch bestehen. Es ist wenig wirksam und nich imstande, konsequente Pläne zu verwirklichen, wegen des administrativen Verfahrens der Planausarbeitung selbst, des allzu optimisti