ANSP: PH. An Annotated Guide to Publications That Itemize the Nomenclatural Types of Natural History Specimens in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia (ANSP, or PH in most botanical conventions) has the nomenclatural type specimens of more than 100,000 nominal species in 13 separate collections encompassing the animal, plant, and mineral kingdoms, for taxa named as early as 1753. Between 1839 and 1997, 114 reference works were completed that in some measure itemize the type specimens in these collections. Some of the works are specifically "type catalogues"; others cite the types as part of a more comprehensive accounting of ANSP specimens, while others document the types within special groups of specimens distributed among many institutions. Most of the records focus on specific taxonomic groups of animals and plants; others record the work of specific authors or exploring expeditions. Purely systematic works that necessarily cite types as part of their documentation are not taken into consideration here; they were not intended to be comprehensive accountings of types at ANSP and thus they selectively overlook some types. This guide is arranged to reflect the departmental organization of the Academy's collections; it includes publications that relate to mollusks, insects and most other terrestrial arthropods, invertebrates excluding mollusks and most terrestrial arthropods, fossil invertebrates, fishes, amphibians and reptiles, birds, mammals, fossil vertebrates, plants, diatoms, fossil plants, and minerals. Only the Mineralogy Collection lacked any accounting of type specimens, until now in this paper.