allometry of patch selection in ruminants
An axiomatic feature of food consumption by animals is that intake rate and prey abundance are positively related. While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dens...
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Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Biological sciences, 2000-02, Vol.267 (1441), p.345-349 |
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creator | Wilmshurst, J.F Fryxell, J.M Bergman, C.M |
description | An axiomatic feature of food consumption by animals is that intake rate and prey abundance are positively related. While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dense swards. Indeed, migratory herbivores often shift from areas of high to low sward biomass during the growing season. As nutritional quality is an inverse function of grass abundance, herbivores appear to sacrifice short-term intake for nutritional gains obtainable by eating sparse forage of higher quality. Explicit models of this trade-off suggest that individual ruminants maximize daily rates of energy gain by choosing immature swards of intermediate biomass. As body mass is related positively to both ruminant cropping rates and digestibility, there should be an allometric link between grass abundance and energy maximization, providing a tool for predicting patterns of herbivore habitat selection. We used previously published studies to develop a synthetic model of trade-offs between forage abundance and quality, predicting that optimal sward biomass should scale allometrically with body size. The model predicts size-related variation in habitat selection observed in a guild of grazing ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1098/rspb.2000.1007 |
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While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dense swards. Indeed, migratory herbivores often shift from areas of high to low sward biomass during the growing season. As nutritional quality is an inverse function of grass abundance, herbivores appear to sacrifice short-term intake for nutritional gains obtainable by eating sparse forage of higher quality. Explicit models of this trade-off suggest that individual ruminants maximize daily rates of energy gain by choosing immature swards of intermediate biomass. As body mass is related positively to both ruminant cropping rates and digestibility, there should be an allometric link between grass abundance and energy maximization, providing a tool for predicting patterns of herbivore habitat selection. We used previously published studies to develop a synthetic model of trade-offs between forage abundance and quality, predicting that optimal sward biomass should scale allometrically with body size. The model predicts size-related variation in habitat selection observed in a guild of grazing ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0962-8452</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1471-2954</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1007</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10722215</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: The Royal Society</publisher><subject>allometry ; Animal digestion ; Animals ; Antilocapridae ; Biomass ; body size ; Body Weight ; Bovidae ; Cattle ; Cervidae ; Constraints ; Eating ; Energy crops ; Foraging ; Functional Response ; Functional responses ; Giraffidae ; Grasses ; habitat selection ; Herbivore ; Herbivores ; Modeling ; Models, Biological ; Resource Partitioning ; Rumen fermentation ; Ruminants ; Ruminants - anatomy & histology ; Ruminants - physiology ; Serengeti ; Species Specificity ; Sward ; wild animals</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences, 2000-02, Vol.267 (1441), p.345-349</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2000 The Royal Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c816t-f1c941fb6481f0ba9331e9dd06253b1f0cb60ffd600bde0009aba31935ab63813</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c816t-f1c941fb6481f0ba9331e9dd06253b1f0cb60ffd600bde0009aba31935ab63813</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/2665925$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/2665925$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27903,27904,53769,53771,57995,58228</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Wilmshurst, J.F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fryxell, J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergman, C.M</creatorcontrib><title>allometry of patch selection in ruminants</title><title>Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences</title><addtitle>Proc Biol Sci</addtitle><description>An axiomatic feature of food consumption by animals is that intake rate and prey abundance are positively related. While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dense swards. Indeed, migratory herbivores often shift from areas of high to low sward biomass during the growing season. As nutritional quality is an inverse function of grass abundance, herbivores appear to sacrifice short-term intake for nutritional gains obtainable by eating sparse forage of higher quality. Explicit models of this trade-off suggest that individual ruminants maximize daily rates of energy gain by choosing immature swards of intermediate biomass. As body mass is related positively to both ruminant cropping rates and digestibility, there should be an allometric link between grass abundance and energy maximization, providing a tool for predicting patterns of herbivore habitat selection. We used previously published studies to develop a synthetic model of trade-offs between forage abundance and quality, predicting that optimal sward biomass should scale allometrically with body size. The model predicts size-related variation in habitat selection observed in a guild of grazing ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem.</description><subject>allometry</subject><subject>Animal digestion</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antilocapridae</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>body size</subject><subject>Body Weight</subject><subject>Bovidae</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Cervidae</subject><subject>Constraints</subject><subject>Eating</subject><subject>Energy crops</subject><subject>Foraging</subject><subject>Functional Response</subject><subject>Functional responses</subject><subject>Giraffidae</subject><subject>Grasses</subject><subject>habitat selection</subject><subject>Herbivore</subject><subject>Herbivores</subject><subject>Modeling</subject><subject>Models, Biological</subject><subject>Resource Partitioning</subject><subject>Rumen fermentation</subject><subject>Ruminants</subject><subject>Ruminants - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Ruminants - physiology</subject><subject>Serengeti</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Sward</subject><subject>wild animals</subject><issn>0962-8452</issn><issn>1471-2954</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2000</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1v1DAQxSMEokvhygnBnpA4ZPH4K_EFBBUFRIGKUjiOnKyz6202DnZSWP56nE216gpRTpEzv3lvxs9J8hDIDIjKn_vQFjNKyHAk2a1kAjyDlCrBbycToiRNcy7oQXIvhFWklMjF3eQASEYpBTFJnum6dmvT-c3UVdNWd-VyGkxtys66Zmqbqe_XttFNF-4ndypdB_Pg6nuYnB-_-Xr0Lj35_Pb90auTtMxBdmkFpeJQFZLnUJFCK8bAqPmcSCpYEX-VhSRVNZeEFHMzjKQLzUAxoQvJcmCHyYtRt-2LtZmXpum8rrH1dq39Bp22uF9p7BIX7hJBKiJ4FgWeXgl496M3ocO1DaWpa90Y1wfMiMqE4vy_IGSSAVN5BGcjWHoXgjfVbhogOMSAQww4xIBDDLHh8fUdruHjvUeAjYB3m3iZrrSm2-DK9b6Jx3_Lhpu6vpydvgalyCWVmQXOAUnOoiVXwPC3bbdyA4ARQBtCb3CL7dv87fpodF2FzvndLlRKoeiwSjqWbejMr11Z-wuUGcsEfss5fjjOP37_JE-RRv7lyC_tYvnTeoN722zNS9d0Md3tnNsJGRdY9XV8BvMqKsCNCm7T-lDsNceeJ2NPpR3qhbcBz88oAUZofK6SMvYHD7YDuQ</recordid><startdate>20000222</startdate><enddate>20000222</enddate><creator>Wilmshurst, J.F</creator><creator>Fryxell, J.M</creator><creator>Bergman, C.M</creator><general>The Royal Society</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20000222</creationdate><title>allometry of patch selection in ruminants</title><author>Wilmshurst, J.F ; Fryxell, J.M ; Bergman, C.M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c816t-f1c941fb6481f0ba9331e9dd06253b1f0cb60ffd600bde0009aba31935ab63813</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2000</creationdate><topic>allometry</topic><topic>Animal digestion</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antilocapridae</topic><topic>Biomass</topic><topic>body size</topic><topic>Body Weight</topic><topic>Bovidae</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Cervidae</topic><topic>Constraints</topic><topic>Eating</topic><topic>Energy crops</topic><topic>Foraging</topic><topic>Functional Response</topic><topic>Functional responses</topic><topic>Giraffidae</topic><topic>Grasses</topic><topic>habitat selection</topic><topic>Herbivore</topic><topic>Herbivores</topic><topic>Modeling</topic><topic>Models, Biological</topic><topic>Resource Partitioning</topic><topic>Rumen fermentation</topic><topic>Ruminants</topic><topic>Ruminants - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Ruminants - physiology</topic><topic>Serengeti</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Sward</topic><topic>wild animals</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Wilmshurst, J.F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fryxell, J.M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bergman, C.M</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Animal Behavior Abstracts</collection><collection>Ecology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Wilmshurst, J.F</au><au>Fryxell, J.M</au><au>Bergman, C.M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>allometry of patch selection in ruminants</atitle><jtitle>Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences</jtitle><addtitle>Proc Biol Sci</addtitle><date>2000-02-22</date><risdate>2000</risdate><volume>267</volume><issue>1441</issue><spage>345</spage><epage>349</epage><pages>345-349</pages><issn>0962-8452</issn><eissn>1471-2954</eissn><abstract>An axiomatic feature of food consumption by animals is that intake rate and prey abundance are positively related. While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dense swards. Indeed, migratory herbivores often shift from areas of high to low sward biomass during the growing season. As nutritional quality is an inverse function of grass abundance, herbivores appear to sacrifice short-term intake for nutritional gains obtainable by eating sparse forage of higher quality. Explicit models of this trade-off suggest that individual ruminants maximize daily rates of energy gain by choosing immature swards of intermediate biomass. As body mass is related positively to both ruminant cropping rates and digestibility, there should be an allometric link between grass abundance and energy maximization, providing a tool for predicting patterns of herbivore habitat selection. We used previously published studies to develop a synthetic model of trade-offs between forage abundance and quality, predicting that optimal sward biomass should scale allometrically with body size. 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subjects | allometry Animal digestion Animals Antilocapridae Biomass body size Body Weight Bovidae Cattle Cervidae Constraints Eating Energy crops Foraging Functional Response Functional responses Giraffidae Grasses habitat selection Herbivore Herbivores Modeling Models, Biological Resource Partitioning Rumen fermentation Ruminants Ruminants - anatomy & histology Ruminants - physiology Serengeti Species Specificity Sward wild animals |
title | allometry of patch selection in ruminants |
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