allometry of patch selection in ruminants

An axiomatic feature of food consumption by animals is that intake rate and prey abundance are positively related. While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dens...

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Veröffentlicht in:Proceedings of the Royal Society. B, Biological sciences Biological sciences, 2000-02, Vol.267 (1441), p.345-349
Hauptverfasser: Wilmshurst, J.F, Fryxell, J.M, Bergman, C.M
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Fryxell, J.M
Bergman, C.M
description An axiomatic feature of food consumption by animals is that intake rate and prey abundance are positively related. While this has been demonstrated rigorously for large herbivores, it is apparent from patch selection trials that grazers paradoxically tend to prefer short, sparse swards to tall, dense swards. Indeed, migratory herbivores often shift from areas of high to low sward biomass during the growing season. As nutritional quality is an inverse function of grass abundance, herbivores appear to sacrifice short-term intake for nutritional gains obtainable by eating sparse forage of higher quality. Explicit models of this trade-off suggest that individual ruminants maximize daily rates of energy gain by choosing immature swards of intermediate biomass. As body mass is related positively to both ruminant cropping rates and digestibility, there should be an allometric link between grass abundance and energy maximization, providing a tool for predicting patterns of herbivore habitat selection. We used previously published studies to develop a synthetic model of trade-offs between forage abundance and quality, predicting that optimal sward biomass should scale allometrically with body size. The model predicts size-related variation in habitat selection observed in a guild of grazing ungulates in the Serengeti ecosystem.
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subjects allometry
Animal digestion
Animals
Antilocapridae
Biomass
body size
Body Weight
Bovidae
Cattle
Cervidae
Constraints
Eating
Energy crops
Foraging
Functional Response
Functional responses
Giraffidae
Grasses
habitat selection
Herbivore
Herbivores
Modeling
Models, Biological
Resource Partitioning
Rumen fermentation
Ruminants
Ruminants - anatomy & histology
Ruminants - physiology
Serengeti
Species Specificity
Sward
wild animals
title allometry of patch selection in ruminants
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